BAUS 2015

The use of 3D-printing in the development of a low-cost, perfused model for robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy training
BAUS ePoster online library. Rodger F. 06/23/21; 319032; p12-4 Disclosure(s): I have no conflicts of interest or financial disclosures
Ms. Flora Rodger
Ms. Flora Rodger
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Abstract
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Introduction
According to BAUS, simulation training should be integrated into the robotic surgical curriculum. However, virtual reality simulators are not universally available due to cost. The aim of this study was to increase accessibility to training in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) by producing a low-cost model.

Materials and methods
Using image segmentation and 3D-modelling software, anatomically accurate 3D-printed moulds were created from a CT scan of a renal tumour. The moulds were injected with hydrogel and fitted with an artificial renal artery. The face validity and content validity were evaluated using a 5-point Likert-style questionnaire by urology surgeons who performed a RALPN on the prototype. Qualitative data regarding perceptions of the usefulness of the model was also collected.

Results
The final cost of the prototype was £1.72 for single-use materials and £4.02 in total. Within this sample population the prototype achieved good face validity with both the overall appearance and overall feel of the model scoring between 3-5. The prototype also demonstrated content validity within responses ranging from 3-5 and the highest performing measures were in 'needle driving' and 'suture holding'. Qualitative feedback suggested the potential significant benefits of such a training model.

Conclusion.
We describe a low-cost method for producing a physical model for RALPN training. The prototype developed was considered to be an effective training tool. Through further development of this prototype, urology training programmes could have access to a cost-effective and simple means of widening access to RALPN training and implementing it at an earlier stage.

Introduction
According to BAUS, simulation training should be integrated into the robotic surgical curriculum. However, virtual reality simulators are not universally available due to cost. The aim of this study was to increase accessibility to training in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) by producing a low-cost model.

Materials and methods
Using image segmentation and 3D-modelling software, anatomically accurate 3D-printed moulds were created from a CT scan of a renal tumour. The moulds were injected with hydrogel and fitted with an artificial renal artery. The face validity and content validity were evaluated using a 5-point Likert-style questionnaire by urology surgeons who performed a RALPN on the prototype. Qualitative data regarding perceptions of the usefulness of the model was also collected.

Results
The final cost of the prototype was £1.72 for single-use materials and £4.02 in total. Within this sample population the prototype achieved good face validity with both the overall appearance and overall feel of the model scoring between 3-5. The prototype also demonstrated content validity within responses ranging from 3-5 and the highest performing measures were in 'needle driving' and 'suture holding'. Qualitative feedback suggested the potential significant benefits of such a training model.

Conclusion.
We describe a low-cost method for producing a physical model for RALPN training. The prototype developed was considered to be an effective training tool. Through further development of this prototype, urology training programmes could have access to a cost-effective and simple means of widening access to RALPN training and implementing it at an earlier stage.
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